Why are Calorised Lance Pipes needed in oxygen steel making? In the process of steel manufacturing by open hearth or electric furnace, the consumption rate of lance pipes for oxygen injection shows rather high ratio owing to high temperature and severe oxidation. In general, steel pipes are used as lance pipes for oxygen injection. If Steel pipes are treated by this process (to increase their durability under above mentioned conditions) consumption rate of lance pipe will improve 6-7 times. It is necessary to make the pipe fireproof as a first step. Special treatment is then needed to protect the pipe from any falling-off or scaling-off by shock or bending stress. As a result of research conducted over many years, it was discovered that the most effectual method is to diffuse aluminum into the pipe’s surface, so at to promote wear proof properties on steel pipe. That is to say, calorising is to be carried at, in and outside of the steel pipe to promote wear and fire proof properties of the pipe. To enumerate, the advantages of oxygen steel making process are:

1. The exothermic reaction and agitation promote decarbonisation and heat rise in     furnace, while foaming slag can be eliminated.
2. Fusion of sub material can be accelerated.
3. Quality of steel will be improved.
4. As the process raises the temperature of furnace, it leads to saving in electric     power.
5. Selection of raw materials to be charged becomes easy.
6. The process raises the production capacity of an electric furnace.
7. Hydrogen, Nitrogen and non-metallic inclusions can be eliminated through     oxidation.
8. It makes it possible to recover chrome with the use of high chrome steel scrap.